Combustion Calibration Engineering

Every fuel is different. Every site is different. Your calibration should be too.

Thermal Synergy builds calibration software and adaptive control systems that optimize industrial combustion equipment around its actual fuel chemistry and atmospheric operating envelope — not the broad factory compromise it shipped with.

Discuss Your Application See the Science

0.5–1.5 pts

Typical absolute electrical-efficiency gain available from site-specific calibration on raw well gas

1.5–5%

Reduction in fuel energy consumed per generated kWh

1–3 pts

Potential recovery on highly variable or diluted gas streams currently forcing conservative derating

24/7

Continuous-duty assets where every fraction of a point compounds over thousands of operating hours

The Science

Thermally calibrated stoichiometry

Combustion optimization is governed by measurable physics: the chemistry of the fuel, the density of the air it burns in, and the thermal limits of the machine burning it. We characterize all three — then write the control code that exploits them.

AFRstoich · φ

Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio

Pure methane burns at roughly 17.2:1 by mass — but no two produced-gas streams are alike. Ethane, propane, CO₂, N₂ and H₂S content shift the stoichiometric point, the equivalence ratio, and the entire fuel curve. We calculate it for the gas you actually have.

WI = HHV / √SG

Wobbe Index & Heating Value

The Wobbe Index describes fuel interchangeability through a fixed fuel system — but identical Wobbe numbers can still burn differently. We calibrate on full gas composition: LHV, HHV, molecular weight, flame speed and adiabatic flame temperature.

ρ = P / RT

Air Density & Atmosphere

Inlet temperature, absolute barometric pressure and humidity set the mass of air available for combustion. A prairie winter and a summer heat wave are different machines. Our calibrations track the real atmospheric envelope instead of a fixed correction.

λ · O₂ feedback

Closed-Loop Correction

Exhaust oxygen and emissions data close the loop. The controller continuously trims fuel mass flow against measured combustion temperature, exhaust temperature and emissions — holding the optimum as conditions drift.

T · N · surge margin

Thermal & Mechanical Limits

Optimization means operating close to — never past — real limits: combustion and exhaust temperature, shaft speed, compressor surge margin, combustor stability, heat-exchanger temperature, NOx and CO. Known limits, fully used.

min kWhfuel / kWhe

The Objective Function

The target is never simply maximum power. It is minimum fuel energy consumed per useful output — electrical kWh, steam, or process heat — while maintaining acceptable emissions, reliability and component life.

The Problem

Broad tolerance is not optimization

Modern fuel-flexible equipment is engineered to safely accept an enormous range of gases and environments — heating values spanning 7:1, high CO₂, sour gas, altitude, temperature extremes. That flexibility is exactly what makes a universal factory calibration a compromise at every single site.

Factory Calibration

  • Must survive the entire specified fuel range simultaneously
  • Conservative temperature, fuel and load limits everywhere
  • Fixed elevation and weather corrections
  • Unnecessary derating on challenging gas streams
  • Efficiency left on the table at every operating point

Site-Specific Calibration

  • Optimized around the fuel actually being burned
  • Real measured atmospheric envelope, season to season
  • Additional load released when margins prove it safe
  • Lowest achievable heat rate at every available load
  • Adaptive — recalibrates as gas composition drifts
Our Approach

Characterize. Model. Calibrate. Verify.

This is a software and controls discipline built on combustion science — not a parts business. We deliver calibration code, control strategy and documented, measurable results.

01 / CHARACTERIZE

Fuel & Site Survey

Gas composition analysis, LHV/HHV, Wobbe Index, stoichiometric AFR, molecular weight, plus the site's real inlet-temperature, pressure and humidity envelope.

02 / MODEL

Combustion Model

Fuel curves, equivalence-ratio targets, expected flame temperature and mass-flow requirements computed for the actual gas — across the full seasonal atmosphere.

03 / CALIBRATE

Control Strategy & Code

Fuel-flow, combustion-temperature and load strategies written and tuned against every hard limit: temperature, speed, surge margin, stability, emissions, capacity.

04 / VERIFY

Closed-Loop Validation

Controlled testing against baseline. Exhaust O₂ and emissions feedback hold the calibration on target, with full data logging and a documented efficiency delta.

fuel composition × Wobbe / LHV × inlet temp × baro pressure × humidity × requested load → optimum fuel mass flow → equivalence ratio → combustion temp → output
Applications

One science. Every flame.

Anywhere a gaseous fuel is burned for power or heat, the same stoichiometric and thermodynamic principles decide how much of that fuel becomes useful output.

Primary Market

Natural Gas Power Generation

Wellhead, associated-gas and flare-gas generation is the clearest case for site-specific calibration: permanently installed machines burning highly variable raw gas that a factory calibration can only survive, never exploit. Per-well characterization of gas chemistry and atmosphere lets fuel, temperature and load strategies be optimized around the actual installation — more electricity from a finite gas stream, less flaring, and generation capability that extends as well production declines.

Pipeline-quality gas~0–0.5 pts
Typical raw well gas~0.5–1.5 pts
Highly variable / diluted gas~1–3 pts
Cold dense-air conditions+ available kW

Cogeneration & CHP

Combined heat and power plants live or die on heat rate. Calibrating combustion to the delivered gas and local atmosphere raises total-cycle efficiency on both the electrical and thermal side.

Industrial Boilers & Process Heaters

Excess-air optimization against real fuel chemistry and stack O₂ feedback cuts fuel consumption in steam plants, refineries and process heating without touching the burner hardware.

Biogas, Digester & Landfill Gas

Low and variable heating values, high CO₂ dilution, shifting composition — the hardest fuels benefit most. Adaptive calibration keeps engines and turbines stable and efficient as the gas moves.

Compressor Stations

Pipeline compression runs continuously on the very gas being transported. Site calibration of the drivers reduces fuel gas consumed per unit of throughput, hour after hour.

Kilns, Furnaces & Dryers

Cement, lime, metals and industrial drying operations burn enormous volumes of gas at fixed sites — precisely the condition under which site-specific stoichiometric calibration pays.

Flare-Gas Recovery

Gas that would otherwise be flared carries near-zero fuel cost — but every efficiency point converts more of a finite, declining stream into revenue-generating power instead of waste heat.

The Economics

One point of efficiency is 3% of your fuel

A single percentage point — 32% to 33% electrical efficiency — looks small on paper. It is approximately a 3% reduction in fuel energy consumed for every kWh generated.

On continuous-duty equipment running thousands of hours per year, that difference compounds into a substantial fuel, emissions and output number. And where the fuel is a finite well or flare stream, higher efficiency means more sellable energy extracted from every cubic foot before the resource declines.

@ 32% efficiency3.125 kWh fuel / kWhe
@ 33% efficiency3.030 kWh fuel / kWhe
fuel saved per kWh≈ 3.0%
About Thermal Synergy

Calibration engineers, first and always

Thermal Synergy was built on more than a decade of professional combustion-calibration work: characterizing fuels, mapping fuel and ignition curves, dialing equivalence ratios, and refining closed-loop control strategies across thousands of individual calibrations on high-precision engine-management platforms.

That discipline — measure the fuel, measure the air, model the burn, write the code, verify with data — transfers directly to industrial combustion. The machines are larger and the fuels are rawer, but the physics is identical: stoichiometry, air density, flame temperature, and thermal limits decide efficiency.

We are a software and controls firm. We don't sell burners, turbines or engines — we make the ones you already own burn their fuel properly.

What we deliver

  • Full fuel characterization and site atmospheric survey
  • Combustion models and fuel-curve development for your actual gas
  • Calibration code and adaptive control strategy
  • Closed-loop O₂ / emissions feedback integration
  • Baseline-vs-optimized validation with complete data logs
  • Plain-language engineering reports — no black boxes
Contact

Tell us about your fuel

Whether it's a wellhead generator on raw gas, a CHP plant chasing heat rate, or a process line burning more than it should — send us the gas analysis and the site, and we'll tell you what's on the table.

info@thermalsynergy.com